(l) Cashflows–contributions The following table presents total cash payments for all employee future benefits, comprised of cash contributed by the Company to funded defined benefit pension and retiree welfare plans, cash payments directly to beneficiaries in respect of unfunded pension and retiree welfare plans, and cash contributed to defined contribution pension plans. Pension plans Retiree welfare plans For the years ended December 31, 2022 2021 2022 2021 Defined benefit plans $59$61 $11 $11 Defined contribution plans 85 90 – – Total $ 144 $ 151 $11 $11 The Company’s best estimate of expected cash payments for employee future benefits for the year ending December 31, 2023 is $65 for defined benefit pension plans, $89 for defined contribution pension plans and $13 for retiree welfare plans. Note 17 Income Taxes (a) Incometaxexpense The following table presents income tax expense (recovery) recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For the years ended December 31, 2022 2021 Current tax Current year $ 1,097 $ 1,390 Adjustments related to prior years (263) (50) Total current tax 834 1,340 Deferred tax Change related to temporary differences 706 (139) Adjustments related to prior years 226 12 Effects of change in tax rates in Canada (201) – Total deferred tax 731 (127) Income tax expense $ 1,565 $ 1,213 The following table discloses income tax expense (recovery) recognized directly in equity. For the years ended December 31, 2022 2021 Recognized in other comprehensive income Current income tax expense (recovery) $ (323) $ (3) Deferred income tax expense (recovery) (863) (61) Total recognized in other comprehensive income $ (1,186) $ (64) Recognized in equity, other than other comprehensive income Current income tax expense (recovery) $ 5 $ 5 Deferred income tax expense (recovery) (8) (15) Total income tax recognized directly in equity $(3)$ (10) (b) Currenttaxreceivableandpayable As at December 31, 2022, the Company had approximately $1,135 of current tax receivable included in other assets (2021 – $660) and a current tax payable of $195 included in other liabilities (2021 – $357). (c) Tax reconciliation The effective income tax rate reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Income varies from the Canadian tax rate of 27.50 per cent for the year ended December 31, 2022 (2021 – 26.50 per cent) for the items outlined in the following table. The Canadian tax rate became substantively enacted in December 2022 with an effective date of April 7, 2022. For the years ended December 31, 2022 2021 Income before income taxes $ 8,747 $ 8,125 Income tax expense at Canadian statutory tax rate $ 2,406 $ 2,153 Increase (decrease) in income taxes due to: Tax-exempt investment income (214) (261) Differences in tax rate on income not subject to tax in Canada (835) (917) Adjustments to taxes related to prior years (37) (38) Tax losses and temporary differences not recognized as deferred taxes 86 53 Tax rate change in Canada (201) – Other differences 360 223 Income tax expense $ 1,565 $ 1,213 205