The Company only discloses its involvement in significant consolidated and unconsolidated SEs. In assessing the significance, the Company considers the nature of its involvement with the SE, including whether it is sponsored by the Company (i.e. initially organized and managed by the Company). Other factors considered include the Company’s investment in the SE as compared to total investments, its returns from the SE as compared to total net investment income, the SE’s size as compared to total funds under management, and its exposure to any other risks from its involvement with the SE. The Company does not provide financial or other support to its SEs, when it does not have a contractual obligation to do so. (a) ConsolidatedSEs Investment SEs The Company acts as an investment manager of timberlands and timber companies. The Company’s general fund and segregated funds invest in many of these companies. The Company has control over one timberland company which it manages, Hancock Victoria Plantations Holdings PTY Limited (“HVPH”). HVPH is a SE primarily because the Company’s employees exercise voting rights over it on behalf of other investors. As at December 31, 2022, the Company’s consolidated timber assets relating to HVPH were $1,264 (2021 – $979). The Company does not provide guarantees to other parties against the risk of loss from HVPH. Financing SEs The Company securitizes certain HELOC collateralized by residential property. This activity is facilitated by consolidated entities that are SEs because their operations are limited to issuing and servicing the Company’s funding. Further information regarding the Company’s mortgage securitization program is included in note 4. (b) UnconsolidatedSEs Investment SEs The following table presents the Company’s investments and maximum exposure to loss from significant unconsolidated investment SEs, some of which are sponsored by the Company. The Company does not provide guarantees to other parties against the risk of loss from these SEs. Company’s maximum (1) (2) Company’s investment exposure to loss As at December 31, 2022 2021 2022 2021 (3) Leveraged leases $ 3,840 $ 3,457 $ 3,840 $ 3,457 (4) Timberland companies 816 842 816 842 (5) Real estate companies 465 513 465 513 Total $ 5,121 $ 4,812 $ 5,121 $ 4,812 (1) The Company’s investments in these unconsolidated SEs are included in invested assets and the Company’s returns from them are included in net investment income and AOCI. (2) The Company’s maximum exposure to loss from each SE is limited to amounts invested in each, plus unfunded capital commitments, if any. The Company’s investment commitments are disclosed in note 19. The maximum loss is expected to occur only upon the entity’s bankruptcy/liquidation, or in case a natural disaster in the case of the timber companies. (3) These entities are statutory business trusts which use capital provided by the Company and senior debt provided by other parties to finance the acquisition of assets. These assets are leased to third-party lessees under long-term leases. The Company owns equity capital in these business trusts. The Company does not consolidate any of the trusts that are party to the lease arrangements because the Company does not have decision-making power over them. (4) These entities own and operate timberlands. The Company invests in their equity and debt. The Company’s returns include investment income, investment advisory fees, forestry management fees and performance advisory fees. The Company does not control these entities because it either does not have the power to govern their financial and operating policies or does not have significant variable returns from them, or both. (5) These entities, which include the Manulife U.S. REIT, own and manage commercial real estate. The Company invests in their equity. The Company’s returns include investment income, investment management fees, property management fees, acquisition/disposition fees and leasing fees. The Company does not control these entities because it either does not have the power to govern their financial and operating policies or does not have significant variable returns from them, or both. Financing SEs The Company’s interests in and maximum exposure to loss from significant unconsolidated financing SEs are as follows. (1) Company’s interests As at December 31, 2022 2021 (2) Manulife Finance (Delaware), L.P. $ 691 $ 850 Total $ 691 $ 850 (1) The Company’s interests include amounts borrowed from the SE; the Company’s investment in its equity and subordinated capital; and foreign currency and interest rate swaps with it. (2) This entity is a wholly owned partnership used to facilitate the Company’s financing. Refer to notes 11 and 19. (i) Other invested assets The Company has investment relationships with a variety of other entities, which result from its direct investment in their debt and/or equity and which have been assessed for control. These other entities’ investments include but are not limited to investments in power and 207